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Unintended Permanence: Mass Customized Housing for Protracted Statelessness

M.ARCH Thesis

Student: Micheal Tokarz
Advisor: Scott Shall
Content Experts: Karl Daubman, Roxana Jafarifiroozabadi 

There are currently 100 million people worldwide that have been forcibly displaced from their homes. According to the Institute for Economics and Peace that number is expected to reach 1 billion by 2050 (Staff, W.E.F., 2022). The average length of stay in refugee camps in 2015 was only around 4 years. In more recent years we have seen that average increase to around 15 years. While not everyone in the camps has been there since their inception many of the camps themselves have been in existence for 20-30 years, raising generations of refugees.

The current approach to refugee sheltering is to provide materials that are often foreign to the region and to impose these materials and construction methods on the refugees. The capabilities of these temporary shelter products are being far exceeded by the length of time they are expected to last. Current solutions have a life expectancy of 1-5 years. Refugees remain in these shelters for periods lasting 15 years or more. Temporary shelter materials also rapidly deteriorate under the extreme environmental conditions common to the camp. Emerging technologies provide architects with the opportunity to design at an unprecedented scale and to develop a process which can engage the refugees with contemporary construction methods.

This thesis proposes to design a building process that merges ancient vernacular building knowledge with contemporary technology. Digital fabrication will enable rapid mass customization of designs at a scale necessary for a refugee camp size. Contemporary construction methods can be used to build key components of shelters providing a level of precision and accuracy while other components can be assembled by refugees allowing them to remain engaged in the process.

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Use Your Cell Phone as a Document Camera in Zoom

  • What you will need to have and do
  • Download the mobile Zoom app (either App Store or Google Play)
  • Have your phone plugged in
  • Set up video stand phone holder

From Computer

Log in and start your Zoom session with participants

From Phone

  • Start the Zoom session on your phone app (suggest setting your phone to “Do not disturb” since your phone screen will be seen in Zoom)
  • Type in the Meeting ID and Join
  • Do not use phone audio option to avoid feedback
  • Select “share content” and “screen” to share your cell phone’s screen in your Zoom session
  • Select “start broadcast” from Zoom app. The home screen of your cell phone is now being shared with your participants.

To use your cell phone as a makeshift document camera

  • Open (swipe to switch apps) and select the camera app on your phone
  • Start in photo mode and aim the camera at whatever materials you would like to share
  • This is where you will have to position what you want to share to get the best view – but you will see ‘how you are doing’ in the main Zoom session.