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Student: Allaa Makdad
Advisor: Deirdre Hennebury
A reflection of societal values, the public toilet is a politicized space that provides sanitation in the public realm. In addition to its role in supporting a basic human need through sanitation provision, the public toilet is also a space that provides solidarity in the face of congestion, a place where one develops and affirms identity [Koolhaas, 2014].
In the nineteenth century through the twenty-first century, the public toilet has shifted from an external urban condition to an internalized urban issue. It once stood as a symbol of modernity in the congested streets of industrial cities, and progressed to be prominently featured in accessibility debates. As a design object with many significant facets, the public toilet continues to appear on the foreground of polarizing trends pertaining to social values.
This thesis is a historic-interpretive examination of the public toilet in the last two centuries that reconsiders the boundaries of architectural design. The research informs our understanding of the public toilet in London, Paris, and New York through the lens of hygiene, policy, and design. Analyzing the similar urban conditions with varying political implication reveals compelling trends in architecture. The project reflects on the politics of providing public amenities, the impact of the public toilets in the social realm, and the significance of the role of the architect in the life of the public toilet moving into the twenty-first century.
Use Your Cell Phone as a Document Camera in Zoom
From Computer
Log in and start your Zoom session with participants
From Phone
To use your cell phone as a makeshift document camera
