Covers fundamental concepts, operational characteristics, and design principles of digital networks. Focuses on local-area and wide-area network topologies and protocols that are used in the Internet. Includes TCP/IP protocol, internet standards, routing and switching devices, Internet organization, Ethernet and Internet standards and switching devices, Ethernet and virtual LANS, MPLS, and an overview of aspects of computer network operating systems. The Internet of Things (IOT), such as the network of physical objects (devices, vehicles, buildings, and other items) is covered.